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Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Excessive preoccupation with perceived flaws in physical appearance

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Psikiyatri department. Book Appointment →

What is Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by excessive and repetitive mental preoccupation with one or more perceived flaws in physical appearance that are either unobservable or only slightly noticeable to others.

DSM-5 classifies BDD within the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. The most common areas of concern are the face (nose, skin, hair), abdomen, and muscle build. Muscle dysmorphia is a subtype seen particularly in men.

The lifetime prevalence is roughly 1.7 to 2.9 percent. Among individuals seeking cosmetic surgery the rate rises to 7 to 15 percent. Cosmetic procedures rarely satisfy patients with BDD and new areas of concern frequently emerge afterward.

Symptoms

Repeated mirror checking or complete avoidance of mirrors
Camouflaging perceived flaws with makeup, clothing, or posture
Constant reassurance seeking from others
Avoidance of social situations
Repeated pursuit of cosmetic procedures (cycle of dissatisfaction)
Skin picking with comorbid dermatillomania

Risk Factors

Onset during adolescence (mean around age 12 to 13)
Childhood teasing or bullying
Environments with strong appearance-based pressure
History of OCD or eating disorder
Heavy social media and filter culture exposure
Family history of BDD or OCD

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Appearance preoccupation interferes with daily life
  • Inability to leave home or significant social isolation
  • Pursuit of unnecessary cosmetic surgery
  • Suicidal thoughts (suicide risk is elevated in BDD)

Treatment Methods

01
CBT with exposure and response prevention designed for BDD
02
High-dose SSRI therapy such as fluoxetine or fluvoxamine
03
Perceptual retraining
04
Mirror exposure exercises
05
Social skills training and values-based therapy
06
Education on contraindications to cosmetic surgery

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Psikiyatri department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.