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Depression

Symptoms, causes and evidence-based treatment methods of major depressive disorder.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Psikiyatri department. Book Appointment →

What is Depression?

Depression (major depressive disorder) is not merely a temporary feeling of sadness; it is a mental health disorder lasting at least 2 weeks with loss of energy, decreased interest, sleep and appetite disturbances that significantly impair daily functioning. According to the World Health Organization, it is one of the leading health problems affecting 280 million people worldwide.

Depression arises from a combination of biological (neurotransmitter imbalance, genetic predisposition), psychological (negative thought patterns, trauma) and social (isolation, loss, stress) factors. Associating it with weakness of will is incorrect; it is a medical illness.

Untreated depression paves the way for work and relationship problems, physical problems such as chronic pain, and suicide risk. The vast majority of patients can recover with drug therapy, psychotherapy or a combination of both. Do not hesitate to ask your doctor for help.

Symptoms

Depressive mood and feeling of emptiness lasting most days
Loss of interest in activities previously enjoyed
Loss of energy and excessive fatigue
Sleep disturbance (oversleeping or insomnia)
Appetite and weight changes
Difficulty concentrating and making decisions
Feelings of worthlessness, guilt and suicidal thoughts

Risk Factors

Family history of depression or psychiatric disorder
Early-life trauma or childhood abuse
Chronic illness or chronic pain
Life events such as loss, divorce or job loss
Social isolation and loneliness
Alcohol and substance use
Female sex and hormonal changes (postpartum depression)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If symptoms last longer than 2 weeks and impair daily life
  • If there are suicidal thoughts or tendency to self-harm, get help immediately
  • If eating, sleeping or working has become impossible
  • If turning to alcohol or drugs has begun
  • If family members notice significant changes

Treatment Methods

01
Antidepressant medications (SSRIs, SNRIs — medication and dose determined by your doctor)
02
Individual psychotherapy (especially cognitive behavioral therapy — CBT)
03
Combination of medication and therapy (most effective approach)
04
Regular physical activity (effective adjunct in mild-to-moderate depression)
05
Social support and group therapy
06
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) — in severe, drug-resistant depression

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Psikiyatri department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.