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Autoimmune Epilepsy

Resistant seizures caused by autoimmune attack on neuronal antigens.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Nöroloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Autoimmune Epilepsy?

Autoimmune epilepsy is a syndrome of resistant seizures caused by an autoimmune attack on neuronal antigens.

Antibodies most commonly involved include anti-LGI1, anti-CASPR2, anti-NMDAR and GAD65.

It is suspected in patients with new-onset resistant seizures and those with cognitive or psychiatric findings; early immunotherapy can lead to dramatic improvement.

Symptoms

Resistant focal seizures, especially temporal lobe
Cognitive impairment and memory disturbance
Faciobrachial dystonic seizures suggestive of LGI1
Psychiatric symptoms: anxiety, paranoia, mood swings
Subacute course over weeks to months

Risk Factors

Underlying tumor, ovarian teratoma in NMDAR
Autoimmune disease history
Family history of autoimmunity
Recent viral infection or vaccination

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • New-onset adult focal seizures with progressive cognitive impairment
  • Resistance to anti-seizure medications
  • Concurrent psychiatric symptoms with seizures
  • Suspicious findings of encephalitis on brain MRI

Treatment Methods

01
Antibody panel and CSF analysis
02
Brain MRI, FDG-PET and EEG
03
Whole-body CT or PET to screen for occult neoplasia
04
First-line immunotherapy: high-dose corticosteroids, IVIG and plasmapheresis
05
Second-line: rituximab, cyclophosphamide and tumor resection

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Nöroloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.