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Aphthous Ulcers and Mouth Sores

Recurrent painful ulcers in the oral mucosa

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department. Book Appointment →

What is Aphthous Ulcers and Mouth Sores?

Aphthous stomatitis is the most common ulcerative disease of the oral mucosa; it affects approximately 20% of the world population. Minor aphtha (<1 cm) is the most common type and heals without leaving a painless scar. Major aphtha is wider and takes longer to heal.

Nutritional deficiencies (B12, iron, folate), stress, hormonal changes, and toothpastes containing sodium lauryl sulfate are among the aphthae triggers. Systemic diseases such as Behçet's disease, IBD, and celiac are associated with recurrent oral ulcers.

Non-healing oral lesions lasting longer than 2 weeks should be evaluated for malignancy.

Symptoms

Burning and stinging on the inner surface of the mouth
Oval-shaped ulcer with a yellow-gray base and red edges
Pain increasing during eating-drinking
Complete healing between attacks
Fever and weakness in major aphthae
Recurrent periodic attacks

Risk Factors

Iron, B12, or folate deficiency
Stress and sleep disturbance
Mechanical mucosal trauma (tooth sharpness)
Hormonal changes (menstrual cycle)
Gluten sensitivity (celiac)
Family history of aphthae

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If the sore does not heal within 2 weeks
  • If aphthae are numerous and large
  • If fever and general weakness accompany them
  • If lesions are also present in the eyes, genital area, or skin (suspicion of Behçet's)
  • If frequently recurring attacks disrupt daily life

Treatment Methods

01
Topical corticosteroid gel or gargle
02
Anesthetic mouth gel (temporary pain control)
03
B12, iron, or folate supplementation when deficiency is detected
04
Avoidance of triggers (SLS-free toothpaste, stress reduction)
05
Colchicine or pentoxifylline in severe recurrent cases

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.