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Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis

Psychiatric-neurological syndrome caused by antibodies against the NMDA receptor.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Nöroloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis?

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis often seen in young women, caused by the body's own immune system producing antibodies against the brain's N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.

Often preceded by flu-like symptoms, it progresses with psychiatric features, memory loss, seizures, movement disorders, and autonomic fluctuations.

It may be associated with paraneoplastic sources such as ovarian teratoma; early diagnosis and immunotherapy are the most important determinants of prognosis.

Symptoms

Psychosis, hallucinations, agitation
Memory and concentration impairment
Speech disturbances and mutism
Involuntary movements of the face and limbs
Seizures
Autonomic fluctuations (blood pressure, heart rate, sweating)
Fluctuating consciousness and coma

Risk Factors

Young age and female sex
Tumors such as ovarian teratoma
Prior history of herpes encephalitis
Concurrent autoimmune disease
Family history of autoimmune predisposition

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Unexplained acute psychiatric symptoms with seizures
  • Rapid-onset memory loss and confusion
  • Abnormal facial and body movements
  • Rapidly progressive impairment of consciousness
  • Unusual response to antipsychotic therapy
  • Neurologic deterioration after a flu-like prodrome

Treatment Methods

01
Antibody screening of CSF and MRI evaluation
02
Tumor screening and removal of any teratoma
03
High-dose corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis
04
Second-line rituximab and cyclophosphamide
05
Antiepileptic drugs for seizure control
06
Neurocritical care and autonomic support
07
Long-term neurorehabilitation and surveillance for relapse

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Nöroloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.