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Somatic Symptom Disorder

Distressing physical symptoms with disproportionate thoughts and behaviors

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Psikiyatri department. Book Appointment →

What is Somatic Symptom Disorder?

Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) replaced the older term 'somatization disorder' in DSM-5. Diagnosis no longer depends on the absence of a medical explanation; the focus is on the patient's response to symptoms. Excessive symptom-related thinking, persistent high health anxiety, and devotion of disproportionate time and energy to symptoms or health concerns drive the diagnosis.

Patients commonly present to primary care, gastroenterology, neurology, and emergency departments with chronic pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, or neurologic complaints. Repeated negative work-ups deepen distress rather than relieving it. The biopsychosocial pathway integrates predisposing factors (childhood adversity, chronic illness), precipitating events (acute stress, illness), and perpetuating factors (avoidance, reassurance-seeking, doctor-shopping).

Treatment is most successful when delivered by a single trusted clinician working with mental health professionals. Cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based interventions, and graded activity reduce disability. SSRIs and SNRIs help when comorbid depression or anxiety is present. Realistic goals focus on function rather than complete symptom resolution.

Symptoms

One or more distressing physical symptoms lasting beyond six months
Excessive thoughts about the seriousness of symptoms
Persistent high anxiety about health
Excessive time and energy devoted to symptoms
Frequent visits to doctors and emergency departments
Functional impairment in work or relationships

Risk Factors

Childhood adversity or trauma
Chronic medical illness in self or family
Concurrent depression or anxiety disorder
Female sex (slight predominance)
Lower education or socioeconomic status

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Persistent disabling physical symptoms despite normal investigations
  • Inability to function at work or home because of symptoms
  • Excessive worry about health that interferes with daily life
  • Repeated emergency visits without medical explanation

Treatment Methods

01
Continuity of care with a single primary clinician
02
Cognitive behavioral therapy
03
Mindfulness-based stress reduction
04
Graded activity and rehabilitation
05
SSRIs or SNRIs for comorbid depression or anxiety
06
Avoidance of unnecessary investigations and procedures
07
Functional goals rather than complete symptom relief

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Psikiyatri department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.