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Seasonal Affective Disorder

A mood disorder with depressive symptoms recurring at certain seasons — usually winter.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Psikiyatri department. Book Appointment →

What is Seasonal Affective Disorder?

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) involves recurrent depressive episodes that begin in autumn and winter when daylight decreases, and remit spontaneously in spring.

Its classic form features hypersomnia, carbohydrate craving, weight gain, low energy, and social withdrawal, distinguishing it from typical depression. Disturbances in serotonin and melatonin rhythms and circadian system changes contribute.

Light therapy (phototherapy) is first-line treatment. Antidepressants, psychotherapy, and melatonin regulation are additional options.

Symptoms

Depressive episodes starting in fall-winter and remitting in spring
Tendency to oversleep
Increased craving for carbohydrates and sweets, weight gain
Loss of energy and fatigue
Social withdrawal and loss of interest
Difficulty concentrating

Risk Factors

Living at high northern latitudes
Female sex
Family history of mood disorder
History of depression or bipolar disorder
Vitamin D deficiency

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When depressive symptoms recur the same time each winter
  • When energy loss and sleep changes affect work or relationships
  • When seasonal worsening raises suspicion of bipolar conversion
  • When light therapy fails

Treatment Methods

01
Phototherapy (10,000 lux white light, 20-30 minutes in the morning)
02
Antidepressants (bupropion, SSRIs)
03
Cognitive behavioral therapy (with seasonal-specific protocols)
04
Vitamin D supplementation (if deficient)
05
Regular exercise and time outdoors

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Psikiyatri department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.