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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Psikiyatri department. Book Appointment →

What is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by developmentally inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Prevalence is 5-7% in children and 2.5-4% in adults.

Three subtypes are recognized: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined. Symptoms must begin before age 12 and be present in at least two settings (school, home, work) for diagnosis.

First-line pharmacotherapy is stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamine derivatives); atomoxetine and guanfacine are non-stimulant alternatives.

Symptoms

Difficulty sustaining attention and careless mistakes
Difficulty staying seated and excessive movement
Inability to wait turn (impulsivity)
Difficulty with organization and planning
Losing items and forgetfulness
Difficulty completing tasks

Risk Factors

Family history (strong genetic component, 70-80% heritability)
Prematurity and low birth weight
Perinatal complications
Smoking and alcohol exposure during pregnancy
Lead exposure
Psychosocial stressors

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Decline in school performance
  • Difficulty in peer relationships
  • Behavioral problems at home and school
  • Persistent difficulties at work and in relationships in adults

Treatment Methods

01
Methylphenidate (short, intermediate, or long-acting forms)
02
Amphetamine derivatives (lisdexamfetamine)
03
Atomoxetine (non-stimulant first-line alternative)
04
Guanfacine and clonidine
05
Behavioral therapy and parent training
06
School accommodations and coaching programs

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Psikiyatri department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.