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Parasomnias and Sleep Disorders

Abnormal behaviors and experiences during sleep

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Psikiyatri department. Book Appointment →

What is Parasomnias and Sleep Disorders?

Parasomnias are unwanted physical events or experiences that occur during sleep or at the transitions between sleep and wakefulness. They are divided into NREM parasomnias (sleepwalking, night terrors, confusional arousals) and REM parasomnias (REM sleep behavior disorder).

NREM parasomnias are common in childhood and usually resolve by puberty. REM sleep behavior disorder occurs more often in older men and can be a precursor to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease or dementia with Lewy bodies.

Diagnosis requires a detailed sleep history, observations from a bed partner, and polysomnography in a sleep laboratory. Distinguishing parasomnias from epilepsy and other neurologic disorders is important.

Symptoms

Sleepwalking and complex motor behaviors
Night terrors with screaming, tachycardia, and amnesia
Acting out dreams in REM sleep with punching or kicking
Sleep talking (somniloquy)
Sleep paralysis on awakening
Confusional arousals with disorientation

Risk Factors

Family history of NREM parasomnias in childhood
Sleep deprivation and irregular sleep schedule
Stress and anxiety
Febrile illness in children acting as a trigger
Alcohol or sedative use
Neurodegenerative disease for REM sleep behavior disorder

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Self-injury or harm to a bed partner during sleep
  • Frequent recurrent night terrors or sleepwalking
  • Vigorous REM-sleep movements after age 50
  • Daytime functioning is impaired by the sleep disorder

Treatment Methods

01
Sleep hygiene and consistent sleep schedule
02
Safety precautions such as removing sharp objects and using door alarms
03
Clonazepam or melatonin for REM sleep behavior disorder
04
Scheduled awakenings for NREM parasomnias
05
Stress management and relaxation techniques
06
Screening for neurodegenerative disease in REM parasomnias

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Psikiyatri department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.