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Cerebral Cavernous Malformation

A vascular lesion that causes cerebral hemorrhage and seizures.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Nöroloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Cerebral Cavernous Malformation?

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are vascular lesions composed of dilated thin-walled vessels lacking smooth muscle and elastic fibers. They have a 'mulberry'-like or 'popcorn'-like appearance on MRI.

They are seen in 0.5% of the general population. They may be sporadic or familial (CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2/MGC4607, CCM3/PDCD10 mutations). Familial form is multifocal; sporadic forms are usually single. Other CCMs accompany developmental venous anomalies (DVA).

Annual hemorrhage risk is approximately 0.7–1% (higher in deep, brainstem and previously bleeding lesions). Diagnosis is based on T2 gradient echo and SWI MRI sequences. Surgical resection is preferred for symptomatic, refractory epilepsy and superficially located lesions; deep lesions are followed.

Symptoms

Seizures (50%)
Headache
Focal neurological deficits
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Cranial nerve palsies (brainstem)
Cognitive impairment
Asymptomatic (incidentaloma)

Risk Factors

Family history (CCM1/2/3)
Hispanic ancestry (CCM1)
Cranial radiotherapy history
Developmental venous anomaly
Multiple lesions
Brainstem location

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • First seizure
  • Severe headache
  • Focal neurological symptoms
  • Family history of CCM
  • Imaging-detected lesion
  • Hemorrhage findings

Treatment Methods

01
Asymptomatic incidentaloma — follow-up
02
Antiepileptic treatment
03
Symptomatic surgical resection
04
Stereotactic radiosurgery (alternative)
05
Family screening (genetic testing)
06
Annual MRI follow-up

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Nöroloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.