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Bell's Palsy

Causes, course, and treatment of Bell's palsy, a sudden paralysis of the facial nerve.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Nöroloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Bell's Palsy?

Bell's palsy is an idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis that emerges with sudden and unilateral paralysis of the facial nerve (7th cranial nerve). It affects all the facial expression muscles: inability to close the eye, drooping of the corner of the mouth, and inability to raise the eyebrow are typical findings.

Herpes simplex virus reactivation is considered the most likely cause of Bell's palsy. It usually reaches its worst point within 1-3 weeks, and the vast majority of patients (70-80%) recover completely or largely within 3-6 months with appropriate treatment.

The diagnosis of Bell's palsy requires evaluation that first rules out other causes of facial paralysis: stroke, ear tumors, and Lyme disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Symptoms

Sudden weakness or complete paralysis on one side of the face
Inability to fully close the eye on the affected side
Drooping of the corner of the mouth and difficulty speaking
Impairment of taste (in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue)
Tinnitus or hypersensitivity to sound
Pain behind or around the ear (in the initial period)

Risk Factors

Viral infections (especially Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster)
Pregnancy (risk increases in the third trimester)
Diabetes
Upper respiratory tract infection
Immune system weakness

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When sudden unilateral weakness or paralysis develops in the face (emergency evaluation to rule out stroke)
  • If the eye cannot be closed (risk of corneal damage)
  • If fever, ear blisters, or hearing loss accompany (Ramsay Hunt syndrome)
  • If symptoms last longer than 3 weeks or worsen

Treatment Methods

01
Early oral corticosteroid (prednisolone — the most critical treatment step)
02
Antiviral therapy (acyclovir or valacyclovir — together with corticosteroid)
03
Eye protection: artificial tears, covering the eye with tape at night
04
Facial exercises and physiotherapy
05
Spontaneous recovery occurs in most patients within 3-6 months
06
Botulinum toxin or surgical options in cases of incomplete recovery

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Nöroloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.