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Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis

An autoimmune encephalitis that begins with psychiatric symptoms in young adults.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Nöroloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis?

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune brain inflammation caused by antibodies against the NMDA glutamate receptor, mostly seen in young women. A subset of cases is associated with ovarian tumors (especially teratoma).

It often begins with psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, paranoid thoughts, hallucinations, and behavioral changes. Later, seizures, movement disorders (dyskinesias), autonomic instability, and altered consciousness develop.

Early diagnosis and immunotherapy are life-saving. Tumor removal, when present, significantly improves prognosis. Long-term rehabilitation may be necessary.

Symptoms

Psychiatric symptoms (agitation, paranoia, hallucinations)
Seizures
Involuntary movements of mouth and face
Altered consciousness
Autonomic instability (blood pressure, pulse fluctuations)
Short-term memory loss
Speech and swallowing difficulty

Risk Factors

Being a young woman
Ovarian teratoma
Other autoimmune diseases
Previous viral infections (especially herpes encephalitis)
Family history of autoimmune disease
Unknown immune predisposition
Can also occur in children

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Sudden-onset psychiatric symptoms in a young patient
  • Addition of neurological symptoms to psychiatric features
  • When seizures first develop
  • Altered consciousness and movement disorders
  • New symptoms after herpes encephalitis

Treatment Methods

01
Intensive care monitoring
02
Tumor removal (especially ovarian teratoma)
03
Corticosteroids, IVIG, plasmapheresis (first line)
04
Rituximab, cyclophosphamide (second line)
05
Seizure control and autonomic stabilization
06
Long-term neuropsychiatric rehabilitation

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Nöroloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.