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XDR Tuberculosis (Extensively Drug-Resistant)

Tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and second-line drugs; very difficult to treat

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is XDR Tuberculosis (Extensively Drug-Resistant)?

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a serious infection caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, any fluoroquinolone, and either bedaquiline or linezolid (per the updated 2021 WHO definition).

Standard MDR-TB protocols are insufficient; treatment requires individualized, prolonged regimens with high adverse-event burden, often guided by molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing.

Contact tracing and rigorous infection control measures are critical from a public health standpoint to prevent ongoing transmission.

Symptoms

Persistent cough and sputum production
Hemoptysis
Weight loss and night sweats
Fever and malaise
Chest pain

Risk Factors

Prior TB treatment
Treatment non-adherence
HIV positivity
Crowded living and malnutrition
Contact with a drug-resistant TB patient

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If TB is suspected and not improving with treatment
  • If there is a history of recurrent TB
  • If severe adverse effects develop
  • If similar findings appear in family members

Treatment Methods

01
Bedaquiline-, pretomanid-, and linezolid-based regimens
02
Personalization based on molecular susceptibility testing
03
Long-term multidisciplinary follow-up
04
Adverse event management
05
Infection control measures
06
Contact screening

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.