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HIV/AIDS Information

Accurate information about HIV transmission routes, methods of protection, and quality of life with modern treatment.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is HIV/AIDS Information?

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus that targets CD4+ T lymphocytes and progressively destroys the immune system. If untreated, when CD4 count drops to a critical level, AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) develops.

HIV is transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, contact with blood and blood products, needle sharing during intravenous drug use, and vertical transmission from mother to baby. It is not transmitted by everyday contact, kissing, hugging, or being in the same environment.

Today's antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces viral load to undetectable levels, preserves CD4 count, and prevents progression to AIDS. According to the U=U (Undetectable = Untransmittable) principle, individuals with suppressed viral load do not transmit HIV sexually.

Symptoms

Acute phase (2-4 weeks): fever, rash, lymph node enlargement, sore throat
Latent phase (years): may be asymptomatic
Recurrent fungal and bacterial infections with immune suppression
Unexplained weight loss and night sweats
Chronic diarrhea
Oral thrush (candida) and hairy leukoplakia
Opportunistic infections (PCP, toxoplasma, CMV) in AIDS stage

Risk Factors

Unprotected sexual intercourse (anal intercourse highest risk)
Needle sharing
Birth from or breastfeeding by HIV-positive mother
Multiple sexual partners
Other sexually transmitted diseases
Blood transfusion before 1992
Living in high-prevalence areas

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Within 72 hours after contact involving HIV risk (EMERGENCY for PEP)
  • For HIV testing in the presence of any risk factor
  • In unexplained immunodeficiency symptoms
  • When HIV-positive diagnosis is made, to start treatment
  • Pregnant individuals or those planning pregnancy

Treatment Methods

01
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) — tenofovir, emtricitabine, dolutegravir combinations
02
Early initiation of treatment prevents progression to AIDS
03
PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) provides protection in high-risk individuals
04
PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) — must be started within 72 hours
05
Treatment and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections
06
Psychological support and combating stigma

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.