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Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy)

A major oncological surgical procedure involving the combined removal of the pancreatic head, duodenum, gallbladder, and common bile duct.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Genel Cerrahi department. Book Appointment →

What is Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy)?

The Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy) is a surgery in which the pancreatic head, duodenum, distal common bile duct, gallbladder, and sometimes the distal stomach are removed together. Gastrointestinal continuity is established with pancreaticojejunostomy, choledochojejunostomy, and gastrojejunostomy anastomoses.

Pancreatic head adenocarcinoma, ampulla of Vater cancer, duodenal cancer, distal cholangiocarcinoma, and certain benign tumors are the main indications.

Pylorus-preserving (PPPD) and classical (Whipple) techniques are available. In high-volume centers, mortality has decreased to 2-5%, but morbidity is still at 30-40% (pancreatic fistula and delayed gastric emptying are the most common complications).

Symptoms

Painless jaundice (most common)
Itching
Weight loss and loss of appetite
Upper abdominal pain and pain radiating to the back
Dark urine, light-colored stool
New-onset diabetes
Greasy stools (steatorrhea)

Risk Factors

Smoking
Chronic pancreatitis
Family history of pancreatic cancer
Genetic syndromes such as BRCA2, Peutz-Jeghers
Obesity and diabetes
Advanced age
Bile duct and ampulla pathologies

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • New-onset painless jaundice
  • Unexplained weight loss and abdominal pain
  • New-diagnosed diabetes + weight loss
  • Detection of pancreatic head mass
  • Suspicious ampullary lesions

Treatment Methods

01
Preoperative CT, MR/MRCP, EUS, and biopsy
02
Biliary drainage with ERCP if necessary
03
Neoadjuvant therapy (in borderline resectable cases)
04
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (classical or pylorus-preserving)
05
Multidisciplinary approach in high-volume center
06
Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and follow-up

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Genel Cerrahi department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.