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West Nile Virus Infection

An arboviral disease transmitted by mosquito bites that can cause encephalitis.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is West Nile Virus Infection?

West Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus belonging to the Flavivirus family. Its natural cycle is between birds and Culex mosquitoes; humans are incidental hosts.

Approximately 80% of those infected remain asymptomatic, while 20% develop a febrile illness, and less than 1% develop neuroinvasive disease (meningitis, encephalitis, flaccid paralysis).

There is no specific treatment; prevention and early diagnosis are important.

Symptoms

Fever and chills
Headache and muscle pain
Weakness and fatigue
Rash (especially on the trunk)
Lymphadenopathy
Meningitis (neck stiffness, altered consciousness)
Encephalitis or flaccid paralysis (rare)

Risk Factors

Outdoor exposure during seasons of mosquito activity
Living/travel in endemic regions
Advanced age and chronic disease
Immunosuppression
Proximity to mosquito breeding areas
Unprotected outdoor activities
Blood transfusion (rarely)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When fever and headache occur with neck stiffness
  • When altered consciousness or seizures develop
  • If sudden muscle weakness occurs
  • When febrile illness develops after returning from an endemic region
  • If the elderly or immunosuppressed have fever

Treatment Methods

01
Supportive care (fluids, fever control, nutrition)
02
Hospital admission for neuroinvasive disease
03
Seizure management and intensive care support
04
Respiratory support (if flaccid paralysis is present)
05
Reduction of mosquito exposure (protection)
06
WNV testing in blood donation screening

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.