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Tuberculous Meningitis

Chronic destructive infection of the meninges by the tuberculosis bacillus.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Tuberculous Meningitis?

Tuberculous meningitis is a severe extrapulmonary form of TB caused by hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the meninges, especially seen in children and immunocompromised adults.

Onset is insidious; over weeks, low-grade fever, headache, personality changes, photophobia, and altered consciousness progress. Later, cranial nerve palsies, strokes, and hydrocephalus may develop.

Diagnosis is supported by lymphocyte-predominant CSF with elevated protein and low glucose, plus CSF PCR and culture. Early anti-TB therapy and corticosteroids in treatment are life-saving.

Symptoms

Headache lasting weeks
Low-grade fever and weakness
Nausea, vomiting, and weight loss
Neck stiffness
Altered consciousness
Cranial nerve palsies (especially the 6th nerve)
Seizures and focal deficits

Risk Factors

History of active pulmonary TB
HIV infection
Pediatric age group
Alcohol use
Diabetes and malnutrition
Immunosuppressive treatment
Living in TB-endemic regions

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Headache lasting for weeks
  • Low-grade fever, weight loss, altered consciousness
  • Development of cranial nerve findings
  • New neurological findings while on known TB treatment
  • Prolonged fever and somnolence in a child

Treatment Methods

01
Quadruple anti-TB therapy (HRZE) for 9-12 months
02
Addition of dexamethasone or prednisolone
03
CSF drainage and hydrocephalus management
04
Antiepileptics for seizures
05
Intensive care support
06
Physical therapy and neurorehabilitation

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.