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Thyroid Nodules

Evaluation of masses detected in the thyroid gland, the vast majority of which are benign.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Endokrinoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Thyroid Nodules?

A thyroid nodule is a limited mass within the thyroid gland, differentiated from normal thyroid tissue and detectable by ultrasound. Ultrasound detects thyroid nodules in approximately 20-76% of adults; the vast majority (90-95%) are benign.

The primary goal in evaluating nodules is to exclude thyroid cancer. Thyroid ultrasound and, in appropriate cases, fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) are the main tools for this evaluation. TI-RADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) scoring guides the biopsy decision.

Most benign nodules only require ultrasound follow-up; surgery is rarely needed. Toxic nodules (those producing excess hormone) are treated with radioactive iodine or surgery.

Symptoms

Usually asymptomatic; detected incidentally on ultrasound
Visible or palpable swelling in the neck
Difficulty swallowing or discomfort on swallowing
Hoarseness (if large nodules press on the nerve)
Shortness of breath (in very large nodules compressing the trachea)
Signs of hyperthyroidism in toxic nodule (palpitations, weight loss)
Painful nodule (bleeding or thyroiditis)

Risk Factors

Female sex
Living in an iodine-deficient area
Head and neck radiation exposure
Family history of thyroid cancer or nodules
Age over 60
Genetic syndromes such as MEN2 or Cowden syndrome
Obesity and metabolic syndrome

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • A new swelling or mass noticed in the neck
  • If hoarseness or difficulty swallowing accompanies it
  • For endocrinology consultation in patients with nodule detected on ultrasound
  • Rapidly growing nodule or swelling of neck lymph nodes
  • If there is a family history of thyroid cancer

Treatment Methods

01
Periodic ultrasound follow-up (every 6-24 months depending on risk class)
02
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB): in suspicious nodules
03
Follow-up alone is sufficient in benign nodules
04
Radioactive iodine or surgery in toxic nodules
05
Thyroidectomy in malignant or malignancy-suspected nodules
06
Assessment of hormonal status with thyroid function tests

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Endokrinoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Endokrinoloji Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.