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Splenectomy (Spleen Removal Surgery)

Surgical removal of the spleen for trauma, hematologic disorders, or splenic tumors

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Genel Cerrahi department. Book Appointment →

What is Splenectomy (Spleen Removal Surgery)?

Splenectomy involves complete (total) or partial removal of the spleen, an upper-left abdominal organ that filters blood and supports immunity.

Laparoscopic splenectomy is the gold standard for elective cases, using 3-4 small ports.

Open splenectomy is reserved for emergency trauma, massive splenomegaly, or when laparoscopy is contraindicated.

Robotic-assisted splenectomy and partial splenectomy (preserving immune function) are emerging alternatives.

Surgery typically takes 1-3 hours under general anesthesia.

Hospital stay is usually 2-4 days for laparoscopic and 5-7 days for open approach.

Symptoms

Indications include traumatic splenic rupture with hemodynamic instability.
Hematologic disorders: immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) refractory to medical therapy, hereditary spherocytosis, thalassemia.
Symptomatic splenomegaly with abdominal pain, early satiety, or compressive symptoms.
Splenic tumors (lymphoma, metastases) or splenic abscess.
Hypersplenism causing pancytopenia.
Postoperative concerns include increased risk of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) by encapsulated organisms.

Risk Factors

Hematologic diseases (ITP, hemolytic anemias, sickle cell disease).
Major abdominal trauma (motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries).
Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the spleen.
Hypercoagulable states post-splenectomy increase venous thrombosis risk.
Children under 5 are at highest risk for OPSI; vaccination and prophylactic antibiotics critical.

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Severe abdominal trauma with left upper quadrant pain and signs of shock.
  • Persistent thrombocytopenia despite steroids and IVIG in ITP.
  • Symptomatic splenomegaly causing abdominal discomfort, early satiety, or hematologic complications.
  • Imaging suggesting splenic mass, abscess, or cyst requiring intervention.
  • Post-splenectomy fever or signs of infection require urgent evaluation.

Treatment Methods

01
Preoperative vaccination against pneumococcus, meningococcus, and Haemophilus influenzae type B at least 14 days before elective surgery.
02
Laparoscopic splenectomy with patient in right lateral decubitus position; ligation of splenic artery first to reduce bleeding.
03
Specimen retrieval through morcellation in a bag for hematologic disease (preserving pathology) or directly in trauma.
04
Open splenectomy via left subcostal or upper midline incision in emergency or when massive splenomegaly precludes laparoscopy.
05
Postoperative thromboprophylaxis due to elevated platelet counts.
06
Lifelong vaccination boosters and patient education on OPSI symptoms (sudden fever, malaise) requiring immediate antibiotics.
07
Annual flu shot and pneumococcal booster every 5 years.

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Genel Cerrahi department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.