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Skin Spots (Hyperpigmentation)

Causes and treatment of dark skin spots resulting from sun, hormonal changes, or skin damage.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Dermatoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Skin Spots (Hyperpigmentation)?

Hyperpigmentation is the formation of local or widespread darkly colored spots on the skin due to excessive melanin production by melanocyte cells. Sun spots (solar lentigo), melasma (hormonal spots), post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), and freckles are the main types.

Melasma is characterized by brown-gray spots in the center of the face, particularly triggered by pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, and sun exposure. PIH occurs in the skin repair process after acne, eczema, or trauma.

Hyperpigmentation alone does not pose a health risk; however, it can be a sign of an underlying disease (such as Addison's disease). Sunscreen use both supports treatment and prevents the formation of new spots.

Symptoms

Dark brown spots on face, hands, or sun-exposed areas
Melasma: symmetrical spots on forehead, cheeks, and upper lip
Purple-brown spot residues after acne or scars
Darkening of spots with sun exposure
Uneven skin tone
Slow developing, usually asymptomatic (non-itchy) spots
Increase in number and size with age

Risk Factors

Dark skin color (high melanocyte activity)
Unprotected sun exposure
Hormonal changes (pregnancy, oral contraceptives)
Acne and recurrent skin inflammation
Certain medications (antimalarials, tetracycline, chemotherapy)
Skin trauma after cosmetic procedures
Genetic predisposition

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If the color, shape, or size of the spot is changing rapidly
  • If the spot is bleeding, itching, or crusting
  • If widespread hyperpigmentation is accompanied by fatigue or weight loss
  • If home treatments are not providing results
  • If the origin of the spots is uncertain

Treatment Methods

01
SPF 50+ broad-spectrum sunscreen (fundamental and mandatory step)
02
Topical agents: hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, niacinamide
03
Retinoids (tretinoin, retinol) — accelerate skin renewal
04
Chemical peeling (glycolic, salicylic, or TCA acid)
05
Laser and IPL treatments (for superficial spots)
06
Combination approach in melasma treatment (topical + sunscreen + peeling)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dermatoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Dermatoloji Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.