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Skin Cancer (Melanoma)

The most dangerous type of skin cancer, largely treatable with early diagnosis, originating from melanocyte cells.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Dermatoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Skin Cancer (Melanoma)?

Melanoma originates from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin. It is the least common but most dangerous type of all skin cancers; beyond early stages, it can spread to lymph nodes and internal organs (metastasis).

UV damage from sun or tanning bed exposure is the most important environmental risk factor in melanoma development. Melanomas can begin from an existing mole or as a new formation on normal skin.

The ABCDE rule can be used at home to monitor irregular moles: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter >6 mm, Evolution (change). Dermatology consultation is urgently important when any of these criteria are present.

Symptoms

New or changing mole with irregular borders
Lesion containing multiple colors (black, brown, red, blue)
Asymmetric mole larger than 6 millimeters showing growth
Itching, bleeding, or crusting mole
Noticeable elevation from the skin surface
Ulcer formation and non-healing wound
Regional lymph node enlargement

Risk Factors

History of excessive and recurrent sunburn
Tanning bed use
Fair skin, blue eyes, and blond/red hair
Family history of melanoma
More than 50 moles or atypical (dysplastic) moles
Immune system suppression
Ozone layer depletion and high-altitude living

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When any of the ABCDE criteria are met (urgent)
  • If a mole is bleeding, itching, or painful
  • If the appearance of the lesion is changing
  • If there is a non-healing, non-ulcerated skin lesion
  • If there is a family history of melanoma (for regular screening)

Treatment Methods

01
Surgical wide excision (primary treatment — Stage I-II)
02
Sentinel lymph node biopsy and lymph node dissection if needed
03
Immunotherapy (PD-1 inhibitors — nivolumab, pembrolizumab)
04
Targeted therapy (BRAF/MEK inhibitors, if BRAF mutation is present)
05
Radiotherapy (adjuvant or palliative purpose)
06
Regular skin screening with dermatoscopy (annually for high-risk individuals)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dermatoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Dermatoloji Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.