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Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia)

Parasitic infection with urinary and intestinal involvement transmitted via skin contact in fresh water

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia)?

Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) is a chronic parasitic disease caused by several Schistosoma species, principally S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum, and transmitted when cercariae penetrate intact skin during freshwater contact.

S. haematobium predominantly involves the urinary tract, leading to hematuria, bladder fibrosis, and an increased risk of bladder cancer. S. mansoni and S. japonicum cause portal hypertension, hepatic fibrosis, and splenomegaly. Acute Katayama fever may develop early in infection.

It is endemic in tropical regions of Africa, South America, the Middle East, and Asia. Swimming, fishing, and irrigation work are typical exposure routes. Targeted treatment and mass drug administration programs reduce disease burden.

Symptoms

Pruritic rash after freshwater contact (cercarial dermatitis)
Acute fever, malaise, urticaria (Katayama fever)
Hematuria
Abdominal pain and bloody stools
Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
Chronic fatigue and anemia
Bladder fibrosis and hepatic cirrhosis in chronic stages

Risk Factors

Freshwater contact in endemic tropical regions
Swimming, bathing, fishing, irrigation work
Pediatric age group
Inadequate sanitation
Limited access to mass treatment programs
Migrant and conflict-zone settings

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Fever and rash after freshwater exposure in an endemic region
  • Hematuria, especially after travel
  • Unexplained chronic abdominal pain
  • Newly detected hepatomegaly or splenomegaly
  • Rash with peripheral eosinophilia

Treatment Methods

01
Single oral dose of praziquantel (first-line)
02
Repeat treatment after 3-6 weeks when needed
03
Corticosteroids in acute Katayama fever
04
Surveillance for urinary and hepatobiliary complications
05
Participation in mass drug administration programs
06
Avoidance of freshwater contact and protective measures

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.