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Scarlet Fever

A childhood infection caused by group A streptococcal exotoxin, presenting with a widespread red rash.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Scarlet Fever?

Scarlet fever is an acute bacterial infection, usually seen in children, caused by pyrogenic exotoxins of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes).

The disease typically develops on the background of a throat infection (streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis). Within 1-2 days, high fever, sore throat, red strawberry tongue, and a fine punctiform red rash similar to sandpaper emerge.

Early antibiotic therapy prevents serious complications such as acute rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis, and peritonsillar abscess. Transmission occurs by respiratory droplets and contact.

Symptoms

High fever and sore throat
Strawberry tongue (initially white-coated, then red)
Fine punctiform rash similar to sandpaper
Redness on the cheeks, pallor around the mouth (perioral pallor)
Dark red lines in skin folds (Pastia's lines)
Peeling of palms and soles during recovery
Weakness, headache, abdominal pain

Risk Factors

Children between 5-15 years of age
Crowded environments (school, daycare)
Intrafamily contact
Streptococcal pharyngitis outbreaks
Increase in winter and spring months
Immune system suppression
Inadequately treated throat infection

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • High fever and sore throat with characteristic rash
  • Difficulty swallowing and opening the mouth
  • Joint pain, chest pain (suspected rheumatic fever)
  • Change in urine color, edema (glomerulonephritis)
  • Symptoms not improving after treatment is started

Treatment Methods

01
Penicillin V or amoxicillin (10 days)
02
Macrolides in penicillin allergy (azithromycin, clarithromycin)
03
Antipyretic/analgesic for fever and pain
04
Adequate fluid intake and soft foods
05
Decreased contagiousness after 24 hours of treatment
06
Monitoring for acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.