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Rectal Prolapse

Protrusion of part or all of the rectum through the anal canal.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Genel Cerrahi department. Book Appointment →

What is Rectal Prolapse?

Rectal prolapse is the protrusion of all wall layers of the rectum (full-thickness prolapse) or only the mucosa (mucosal prolapse) through the anal canal. In children, it usually follows a mucosal and self-limiting course, while in adults, full-thickness prolapse associated with pelvic floor weakness and ligamentous laxity is more common.

Underlying pelvic floor dysfunction occurs with rectosigmoid intussusception, deep cul-de-sac of Douglas, weakened rectal suspensory ligaments, and stretching of sphincter muscles. Fecal incontinence and constipation are commonly accompanying symptoms.

While conservative methods are effective in children, surgery is required in adults. Abdominal rectopexy (laparoscopic or robotic) and perineal approaches (Delorme, Altemeier procedure) are the main options.

Symptoms

Red-pink tissue protrusion from the anal canal (initially during defecation, persistent in advanced stages)
Fecal incontinence or fecal leakage
Chronic constipation and straining at defecation
Rectal bleeding and mucus discharge
Sensation of heaviness, fullness, and pain in the anal region
Sensation of incomplete evacuation

Risk Factors

Advanced age and female sex (especially multiparous women)
Chronic constipation and prolonged straining
Neurological diseases (multiple sclerosis, cauda equina syndrome)
Pelvic floor trauma (birth injury)
Previous pelvic surgery
Long-standing diarrhea and intestinal parasites (in children)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Tissue mass protruding from the anus that cannot be reduced
  • Bluish discoloration of prolapsed tissue (strangulation)
  • Severe rectal pain and bleeding
  • Impairment of quality of life due to fecal incontinence
  • Sensation of rectal fullness with chronic constipation

Treatment Methods

01
In children: constipation treatment, high-fiber diet, and manual reduction of prolapse
02
Surgical indication in adults: symptomatic full-thickness prolapse
03
Abdominal rectopexy (laparoscopic/robotic): fixation of the rectum to the sacrum, low recurrence rate
04
Delorme procedure: mucosal stripping and muscular plication (perineal approach, elderly patients)
05
Altemeier procedure: perineal rectosigmoidectomy (long prolapse, high-risk patients)
06
Postoperative pelvic floor exercises and constipation management

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Genel Cerrahi department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.