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Proteinuria

Loss of protein in urine above normal; an early warning of kidney disease.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department. Book Appointment →

What is Proteinuria?

Proteinuria is the excretion of more than 150 mg of protein per day. It can result from damage to the filtration barrier in the renal glomeruli, impaired tubular reabsorption, or excessive elevation of plasma protein concentration. The spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio (30-300 mg/g: microalbuminuria; >300 mg/g: macroalbuminuria) is a practical screening method.

Diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, and glomerulonephritides are the main causes. Proteinuria is not only a finding; it also independently predicts cardiovascular disease risk and the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease.

Protein loss exceeding 3.5 g/day is defined as 'nephrotic-range proteinuria' and is a marker of nephrotic syndrome.

Symptoms

Foamy urine (indicates albumin loss)
Leg, ankle, and facial edema (in severe albumin loss)
Fatigue and general weakness
Mild proteinuria usually has no symptoms (detected incidentally)
Symptoms of underlying disease (diabetes, hypertension)

Risk Factors

Diabetes mellitus (most common cause)
Hypertension
Obesity
Family history of chronic kidney disease
NSAID and nephrotoxic drug use
Autoimmune diseases (lupus, IgA nephropathy)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When protein is detected on routine urinalysis, especially with diabetes or hypertension
  • If foamy urine becomes persistent
  • If swelling begins in the legs or face
  • If there is worsening of kidney function tests

Treatment Methods

01
RAAS blockade: ACE inhibitor or ARB — reduces proteinuria and is kidney-protective
02
SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin): organ-protective in diabetic and non-diabetic proteinuria
03
Blood pressure target: <130/80 mmHg in the presence of proteinuria
04
Strict glycemic control in diabetic patients
05
Salt restriction and adequate (not excessive) protein intake
06
Immunosuppressive therapy (with nephrology follow-up) for underlying glomerular disease

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.