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Prostate Cancer

What you need to know about prostate cancer, one of the most common cancers in men.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Onkoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer arises from the cells of the prostate gland, which surrounds the urethra in men. It is the second most common cancer in men. Most prostate cancers grow slowly and may produce no symptoms for years; some aggressive forms, however, spread rapidly.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test and digital rectal examination are the principal tools for early detection. Annual PSA testing and a urology assessment are recommended from age 50 (from age 40-45 in those with a family history).

In localised prostate cancer the choice between active surveillance, radiotherapy and prostatectomy is individualised. Advanced prostate cancer is largely hormone-sensitive and responds to androgen-deprivation therapy.

Symptoms

Difficulty passing urine, weak stream or dribbling
Frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia)
Burning or pain on urination
Blood in the urine (haematuria) or in the semen
Pain on ejaculation
Pain in the back, hip or pelvis (advanced disease)
Leg swelling or numbness (advanced disease)

Risk Factors

Older age (risk rises markedly over 60)
Family history of prostate cancer (especially first-degree relatives)
African or African-American ethnicity
BRCA1/2 mutations
High-fat diet and obesity
Physical inactivity
Previous testosterone replacement therapy

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When passing urine becomes difficult or the urinary stream weakens
  • When you see blood in the urine or semen
  • From age 50 for routine PSA testing
  • From age 40-45 for screening if there is a family history
  • When back, hip or pelvic pain occurs together with urinary symptoms

Treatment Methods

01
Active surveillance: close follow-up of low-risk, slow-growing tumours
02
Radical prostatectomy: open or robotic removal of the prostate
03
Radiotherapy: external-beam therapy or brachytherapy
04
Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT): suppression of testosterone
05
Newer-generation antiandrogens such as enzalutamide and abiraterone
06
Radium-223 for bone metastases; immunotherapy options

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Onkoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.