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Prostate Biopsy

A diagnostic procedure in which tissue samples are taken from the prostate with a needle to establish a definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Üroloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Prostate Biopsy?

Prostate biopsy is a diagnostic procedure performed to rule out or confirm prostate cancer in the presence of findings such as elevated PSA, rapid PSA rise or abnormal firmness on digital rectal examination.

Systematic biopsy under transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guidance has long been the standard method. Today, 'MRI fusion biopsy' which combines prostate MRI with TRUS allows much more accurate sampling of suspicious areas.

Biopsy results are reported with the Gleason score and ISUP grade group. These scores determine the biological aggressiveness of the tumor and guide treatment planning.

Symptoms

Prostate biopsy is not a symptom but a diagnostic procedure
PSA ≥4 ng/mL or PSA elevation for age
Hardness or irregularity of the prostate on rectal examination
Low PSA density or low free/total PSA ratio
PI-RADS ≥3 lesion on multiparametric prostate MRI

Risk Factors

Elevated PSA and rapid rise (PSA velocity)
Family history of prostate cancer
Atypical or high-grade PIN on prior biopsy
BRCA2 mutation carrier
Men of African descent

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When PSA is ≥4 ng/mL or higher than expected
  • Abnormal prostate findings on rectal examination
  • PSA doubling within two years (shortening of PSA doubling time)
  • Detection of PI-RADS 3-5 lesion on multiparametric MRI
  • Persistent PSA rise despite previous negative biopsy

Treatment Methods

01
TRUS-guided systematic 12-core biopsy: standard method
02
MRI/TRUS fusion biopsy: increased cancer detection by targeting suspicious areas on mpMRI
03
Transperineal biopsy: alternative approach with low infection risk and easier MRI targeting
04
Pre-procedure fluoroquinolone antibiotic prophylaxis or beta-lactam in transperineal approach
05
Urgent presentation for fever or inability to urinate after biopsy
06
Treatment planning according to pathology — active surveillance, radiotherapy or surgery

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Üroloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.