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Primary Hyperparathyroidism (Detailed)

Calcium metabolism disorder with excessive hormone secretion from the parathyroid glands.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Endokrinoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Primary Hyperparathyroidism (Detailed)?

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disease presenting with hypercalcemia due to excessive and uncontrolled PTH secretion from one or more parathyroid glands. The most common cause is solitary parathyroid adenoma (80-85%); followed by multigland hyperplasia (10-15%) and parathyroid carcinoma (1%).

The vast majority of patients are asymptomatic and are diagnosed because of hypercalcemia detected on routine blood tests. In symptomatic patients, the classic 'bones, stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans' presentation may be seen.

Diagnosis is made with high serum calcium and high/inappropriately normal PTH level. In MEN 1 and MEN 2A syndromes, hyperparathyroidism may be seen in younger patients and as multiglandular disease. In selected cases, surgical parathyroidectomy is curative.

Symptoms

Bone pains and osteoporosis
Recurrent kidney stones
Fatigue and weakness
Depression and cognitive impairment
Anorexia and nausea
Abdominal pain and constipation
Peptic ulcer and pancreatitis
Polyuria and polydipsia

Risk Factors

Being over age 50
Female gender (postmenopausal)
History of neck radiotherapy
Long-term lithium use
MEN 1 or MEN 2A syndrome
Family history of hyperparathyroidism
Vitamin D deficiency
Chronic kidney disease

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Recurrent kidney stone episodes
  • Unexplained osteoporosis
  • Detection of hypercalcemia on routine examination
  • Resistant peptic ulcer
  • Unexplained psychiatric symptoms
  • History of pancreatitis

Treatment Methods

01
Parathyroidectomy (in symptomatic and indicated asymptomatic cases)
02
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy
03
Vitamin D deficiency replacement
04
Adequate fluid intake
05
Bisphosphonates in bone loss
06
Cinacalcet (calcimimetic) if surgery contraindicated
07
Annual bone densitometry and creatinine follow-up
08
Multidisciplinary follow-up (endocrinology, surgery)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Endokrinoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.