POEMS Syndrome

A rare paraneoplastic syndrome accompanying plasma cell dyscrasia.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board

Last updated: June 10, 2026

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department. Book Appointment →

What is POEMS Syndrome?

POEMS syndrome (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal protein, Skin changes) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome associated with plasma cell dyscrasia. It is characterized by markedly elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels.

Demyelinating polyneuropathy is the dominant clinical feature, and elevated VEGF is decisive for diagnosis. Castleman disease, sclerotic bone lesions and thrombocytosis frequently accompany the syndrome.

Diagnostic criteria include both major (polyneuropathy, monoclonal protein) and minor (organomegaly, endocrinopathy, etc.) criteria. Treatment options include autologous stem cell transplantation, lenalidomide and bortezomib-based regimens.

Symptoms

Progressive distal weakness

Skin pigmentation changes

Hepatosplenomegaly

Edema and ascites

Endocrine deficiencies (hypothyroidism, hypogonadism)

Papilledema

Sclerotic bone pain

Risk Factors

Plasma cell dyscrasia

Castleman disease association

Male sex (slight predominance)

Middle age

Sclerotic plasmacytoma

Elevated VEGF level

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

Progressive symmetric polyneuropathy
Multisystem unexplained findings
Skin pigmentation and edema
Visual disturbance (papilledema)
Endocrine deficiency findings
Skeletal pain and sclerotic lesions

Treatment Methods

Autologous stem cell transplantation

Lenalidomide-dexamethasone

Bortezomib-based regimens

Local radiotherapy (single sclerotic lesion)

Symptomatic neuropathy treatment

VEGF-level follow-up

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.