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Penile Cancer

Rare squamous cell malignancy of the penis with strong HPV association.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Onkoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Penile Cancer?

Penile cancer is uncommon in industrialized countries (incidence less than 1 per 100,000 men) but more frequent in regions with high HPV prevalence. About 95% of cases are squamous cell carcinoma. Most patients are between 50-70 years and risk peaks with poor genital hygiene, phimosis, smoking, and HPV-16/18 infection.

Premalignant lesions include penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN), Bowen disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat, and condylomata acuminata. Pathologically, the disease is graded by depth of invasion and lymphovascular involvement. Staging is via TNM, with inguinal lymph node status the most important prognostic factor.

Multidisciplinary management aims at oncologic cure while preserving penile function and sexual quality of life. Localized disease is treated with topical agents, laser, glansectomy, partial or total penectomy, depending on size and depth. Inguinal lymphadenectomy or dynamic sentinel node biopsy guides regional management. Locally advanced or metastatic disease responds to platinum-based chemotherapy (TIP regimen) plus surgery and radiotherapy. HPV vaccination is the cornerstone of prevention.

Symptoms

Persistent ulcer, plaque, or nodule on the glans or foreskin
Bleeding or foul-smelling discharge
Erythematous, scaly, or crusted lesion
Phimosis with palpable mass
Inguinal lymphadenopathy
Pain or itching of the genital area
Constitutional symptoms in advanced disease (weight loss, fatigue)
Difficulty urinating or change in stream

Risk Factors

HPV-16 and HPV-18 infection
Phimosis (uncircumcised men)
Smoking
Chronic balanitis or lichen sclerosus
Poor genital hygiene
PUVA therapy for psoriasis
Multiple sexual partners
HIV or other immunosuppression

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Persistent penile lesion lasting > 4 weeks
  • Bleeding, ulceration, or foul discharge
  • Phimosis with palpable mass underneath
  • Enlarged inguinal lymph nodes
  • Sexually transmitted disease evaluation revealing suspicious lesion
  • Penile lesion in immunocompromised patient

Treatment Methods

01
Topical therapy (5-fluorouracil, imiquimod) for in-situ disease
02
Laser ablation or wide local excision for small superficial tumors
03
Glansectomy or partial penectomy for invasive disease
04
Total penectomy with perineal urethrostomy for advanced disease
05
Inguinal lymphadenectomy or dynamic sentinel node biopsy as indicated
06
Chemotherapy (TIP regimen: paclitaxel, ifosfamide, cisplatin) for advanced disease
07
Radiotherapy (definitive or adjuvant) for select cases
08
HPV vaccination, neonatal circumcision, smoking cessation as preventive strategies

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Onkoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.