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Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumor

Sex Cord-Stromal Estrogen-Producing Neoplasm

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Onkoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumor?

A sex cord-stromal ovarian tumor accounting for 5% of ovarian malignancies

Adult subtype harbors a recurrent FOXL2 C134W mutation in over 95% of cases

Juvenile granulosa cell tumor occurs in girls and young women with rare AKT1 alterations

Tumors produce estrogen, inhibin B, and anti-Müllerian hormone as serum biomarkers

Late recurrence beyond a decade after primary treatment is characteristic of the adult form

Symptoms

Abnormal uterine bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding, or oligomenorrhea from estrogen excess
Endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma as a hormone-driven complication
Pelvic pain, abdominal distension, and palpable adnexal mass
Precocious puberty in juvenile cases with breast development and vaginal bleeding
Acute presentations with tumor rupture and hemoperitoneum

Risk Factors

Postmenopausal women for adult granulosa cell tumor
Adolescents and young adults for juvenile subtype
Genetic syndromes such as Ollier disease, Maffucci syndrome, and Potter syndrome
Ovarian stimulation and hormonal therapy associations remain debated
No strong environmental or reproductive risk factors are established

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Postmenopausal bleeding or persistent abnormal uterine bleeding with adnexal mass
  • Precocious puberty or abdominal mass in pediatric and adolescent girls
  • Endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma with elevated inhibin or estradiol
  • Sudden severe abdominal pain suggesting tumor rupture or torsion
  • Long-term surveillance after granulosa cell tumor surgery for late recurrence

Treatment Methods

01
Comprehensive surgical staging with hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy in postmenopausal patients
02
Fertility-sparing unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for early-stage disease in young women
03
Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent disease
04
Hormonal therapy with aromatase inhibitors or GnRH agonists in selected recurrences
05
Long-term surveillance with serum inhibin B, estradiol, and imaging for late relapse

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Onkoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.