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Obesity

Accumulation of body fat to a level that threatens health.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Endokrinoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Obesity?

Obesity is a chronic disease defined by a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher, in which excess fat accumulation adversely affects overall health. BMI 30-34.9 is class I, 35-39.9 is class II, and ≥40 is class III (morbid) obesity.

Obesity is not simply the result of an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure; it stems from a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, neurological, psychological, and environmental factors. For this reason, treating obesity requires a holistic, long-term approach.

Obesity is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, and several cancers (colon, breast, endometrium). Losing even 5-10% of body weight significantly reduces these risks.

Symptoms

BMI ≥30 kg/m² and increased waist circumference (men >102 cm, women >88 cm)
Joint pain and restricted movement
Shortness of breath, especially with exertion
Sleep apnea (snoring, daytime sleepiness)
Increased sweating
Lowered self-esteem and depression
Fungal infections in skin folds

Risk Factors

Family history of obesity (genetic contribution 40-70%)
Sedentary lifestyle
High-calorie, processed food consumption
Inadequate sleep
Chronic stress and emotional eating
Hormonal disorders such as hypothyroidism or Cushing's syndrome
Certain medications (corticosteroids, antipsychotics, insulin)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When BMI reaches 30 or above
  • When obesity coexists with diabetes, hypertension, or sleep apnea
  • When weight-loss attempts are unsuccessful
  • For bariatric surgery assessment (BMI ≥40 or ≥35 with comorbidities)
  • When depression or an eating disorder is present

Treatment Methods

01
Medical nutrition therapy: calorie restriction and a healthy eating plan
02
Increased physical activity: ≥150 min/week of moderate-intensity exercise
03
Behavioral therapy: mindful eating and coping with triggers
04
Pharmacotherapy: GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, liraglutide), orlistat
05
Bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass): in severe cases
06
Concurrent management of sleep apnea, diabetes, and hypertension

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Endokrinoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Endokrinoloji Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.