Nephrotic Syndrome

A clinical syndrome characterized by heavy urinary protein loss.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board

Last updated: June 11, 2026

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

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This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department. Book Appointment →

What is Nephrotic Syndrome?

Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical syndrome defined by impaired glomerular filtration barrier with proteinuria greater than 3.5 grams per day, hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema and hyperlipidemia. It is not a single disease but a common presentation of many glomerular disorders.

In adults the most common causes are membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease. Systemic diseases such as diabetes and amyloidosis can also cause nephrotic syndrome.

Complications include thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism), infections (due to loss of IgG) and acute kidney injury. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause.

Symptoms

Generalized edema (periorbital, lower extremities, abdomen)

Foamy urine (proteinuria)

Weight gain (fluid retention)

Fatigue and loss of appetite

Abdominal distension (ascites)

Risk Factors

Diabetic nephropathy

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Amyloidosis

Certain infections (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV)

Some medications (NSAIDs, gold, penicillamine)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

Marked swelling around the eyes and legs
Persistently foamy urine
Unexplained rapid weight gain
Shortness of breath or leg pain and swelling (suggesting thrombosis)

Treatment Methods

Treatment of the underlying cause (immunosuppressants and similar agents)

ACE inhibitors or ARBs (to reduce proteinuria)

Diuretics (for edema control)

Salt-restricted diet

Anticoagulant therapy (when thrombosis risk is high)

Statin therapy (for hyperlipidemia)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.