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Metabolic Syndrome

A cluster of metabolic abnormalities that multiplies cardiovascular and diabetes risk.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Endokrinoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Metabolic Syndrome?

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interconnected metabolic abnormalities built on insulin resistance. Under IDF criteria, diagnosis requires at least three of five components: increased waist circumference, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting blood sugar.

In Turkey, an estimated 33% of the adult population meets the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Its presence increases the risk of coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and fatty liver 2-5 fold.

There is no single medication for metabolic syndrome; treatment targets each component individually and as a whole through lifestyle changes, with pharmacotherapy when needed.

Symptoms

Usually asymptomatic; detected on routine testing
Prominent abdominal fat (apple-shape body)
Fatigue and low energy
Post-meal sleepiness and difficulty concentrating (hypoglycemic swings)
Borderline or high readings on blood-pressure measurement
High triglycerides and low HDL on blood tests
Acanthosis nigricans on the skin (dark thickened patches on neck, armpits, groin)

Risk Factors

Abdominal obesity
Insulin resistance and prediabetes
Sedentary lifestyle
Diet heavy in refined carbohydrates and sugar
Family history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Sleep apnea

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Co-occurrence of increased waist circumference, high blood pressure, and abnormal blood tests
  • Fasting blood sugar 100-125 mg/dL (prediabetes range)
  • Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL and low HDL
  • For cardiovascular- or type-2-diabetes-risk assessment
  • Screening asymptomatic high-risk individuals (family history, obesity)

Treatment Methods

01
Lifestyle changes: weight loss, regular exercise, healthy eating
02
Mediterranean diet or low-glycemic-index nutrition
03
Hypertension treatment (ACE inhibitor or ARB preferred)
04
Dyslipidemia treatment (statin; fibrate may be needed)
05
Metformin and lifestyle change in prediabetes
06
Smoking cessation and reduced alcohol intake

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Endokrinoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.