Medulloblastoma
The most common malignant brain tumor in children, arising in the cerebellum.
This content is for general information; please consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.
This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Onkoloji department. Book Appointment →
What is Medulloblastoma?
Medulloblastoma is an embryonal tumor of the cerebellum and the most common malignant brain tumor in children, accounting for approximately 20% of pediatric CNS malignancies. The peak incidence is between 5 and 9 years of age. It arises in the posterior fossa, typically in the vermis or cerebellar hemispheres, and tends to disseminate via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
WHO 2021 classification recognizes four molecular subgroups: WNT-activated (best prognosis), SHH-activated (subdivided by TP53 status), Group 3 (worst prognosis, often MYC amplified), and Group 4 (most common, intermediate prognosis). Molecular subgrouping is now central to risk stratification and treatment decisions, replacing histologic-only classification.
Risk-adapted multimodal therapy includes maximal safe surgical resection, craniospinal radiation (with posterior fossa boost), and chemotherapy. Standard-risk patients (over 3 years old, total or near-total resection, no metastasis) have 5-year survival around 80%, while high-risk patients have lower survival. Children under 3 years require chemotherapy-only protocols to avoid radiation neurotoxicity, with worse outcomes in many subgroups.
Symptoms
Risk Factors
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:
- Persistent morning headaches with vomiting
- New onset gait disturbance or balance problems in a child
- Eye crossing or double vision
- Increasing head circumference in infants
- Decline in school performance with neurological symptoms
- Persistent lethargy or behavioral changes
- Papilledema noted on routine eye exam
- Suspected raised intracranial pressure
- Family history of relevant cancer syndrome with neurological symptoms
Treatment Methods
Which Department to Visit?
You can visit our Onkoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.
Learn About Onkoloji DepartmentLet us help you
You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.
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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.