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Measles (Rubeola)

A highly contagious viral disease caused by morbillivirus, presenting with high fever and widespread maculopapular rash.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Measles (Rubeola)?

Measles (rubeola) is a highly contagious viral infection caused by morbillivirus of the Paramyxoviridae family, transmitted by respiratory droplets. The probability that an unimmunized individual will develop infection after exposure to a patient is over 90%.

After an incubation period of 10-12 days, the disease starts with high fever, cough, runny nose, and conjunctivitis (the 3 Cs). Koplik spots are observed in the mouth. Then, a maculopapular rash starting on the face and spreading to the trunk and extremities emerges.

Pneumonia, otitis media, diarrhea, encephalitis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) are serious complications. Despite effective vaccine, it still causes childhood deaths worldwide; outbreaks occur when vaccination rates decline.

Symptoms

High fever (39-40°C)
Cough, runny nose, and conjunctivitis (3 Cs)
Koplik spots in the mouth
Red maculopapular rash starting on the face and spreading to the trunk
Loss of appetite, weakness, and muscle pain
Sensitivity to light
Desquamation and skin color change after rash

Risk Factors

Unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated individuals
Infants under 6 months
Vitamin A deficiency
Immune suppression and HIV
Pregnancy (severe course)
Crowded living conditions
Travel to outbreak areas

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • High fever and measles-suspected rash
  • Shortness of breath, chest pain, or bloody sputum in cough
  • Confusion, seizure, or severe headache
  • Ear pain and signs of inflammation
  • Dehydration, severe diarrhea, and vomiting

Treatment Methods

01
Supportive treatment (rest, fluids, antipyretic)
02
High-dose vitamin A support in all children
03
Antibiotics in bacterial superinfection
04
MMR vaccine or IVIG within 72 hours of contact
05
Vaccination (MMR) — the most effective method of prevention
06
Isolation and public health notification (mandatory notifiable disease)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.