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Malabsorption Syndromes

A group of diseases leading to insufficient absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department. Book Appointment →

What is Malabsorption Syndromes?

Malabsorption syndromes are a heterogeneous group of diseases presenting with insufficient or impaired absorption of nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin, mineral) in the small intestine. According to pathogenesis, they are classified as luminal (pancreatic insufficiency, bile acid deficiency), mucosal (celiac, Crohn's, infections), and post-mucosal (lymphatic obstruction).

The most common causes include celiac disease, chronic pancreatitis, Crohn's disease, short bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance, bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), Giardia infection, and small intestine lymphoma.

Stool microscopy, fecal fat, D-xylose test, breath tests, endoscopic biopsies, and serological tests are used for diagnosis; specific treatment for the underlying cause is essential.

Symptoms

Chronic diarrhea and steatorrhea (fatty stools)
Significant weight loss and muscle loss
Bloating, gas, and abdominal pain
Fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies (A, D, E, K)
Iron, calcium, B12 deficiencies
Bone pain and osteomalacia
Easy bruising and bleeding tendency

Risk Factors

Celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease
Chronic pancreatitis
Previous small intestine surgery
Travel to tropical regions (tropical sprue)
Cystic fibrosis
Immunodeficiency
Diabetes mellitus (autonomic neuropathy)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Chronic diarrhea and significant weight loss
  • If fatty, foul-smelling stools are present
  • Unexplained vitamin-mineral deficiencies
  • Bone pain and recurrent fractures
  • Growth retardation and nutritional problems in children

Treatment Methods

01
Specific treatment for underlying cause (gluten-free diet, pancreatic enzymes, etc.)
02
Vitamin and mineral replacement (A, D, E, K, B12, iron, calcium)
03
Dietary adjustments (lactose restriction, MCT use)
04
Antibiotic therapy (rifaximin) in SIBO
05
Antiparasitic drugs in parasitic causes
06
Parenteral or enteral nutrition in severe cases

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.