Macular Hole

Full-thickness retinal defect in the central macula causing central vision loss

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board

Last updated: June 8, 2026

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Göz Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is Macular Hole?

A macular hole is a full-thickness neurosensory retinal defect at the fovea, typically caused by vitreomacular traction during posterior vitreous detachment.

Most common in women aged over 60 years and classified by OCT stage (small <250 µm, medium 250-400 µm, large >400 µm).

Central visual acuity falls, patients report a central scotoma, metamorphopsia, and difficulty with reading and face recognition.

Vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and intraocular gas tamponade closes >90% of holes when treated early.

Symptoms

Central blur or dark spot in vision

Metamorphopsia (straight lines appear bent)

Difficulty with reading and facial recognition

Significant decrease in visual acuity

Central defect on Amsler grid testing

Risk Factors

Age over 60 years and female sex

High myopia

History of ocular trauma

Macular hole in the fellow eye

Previous retinal detachment surgery

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

If a central blur or dark spot is noticed in one eye
If straight lines appear curved
If reading difficulty develops rapidly

Treatment Methods

Pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling

Intravitreal gas tamponade (SF6 or C3F8)

Strict face-down positioning for 3-7 days postoperatively

Intravitreal ocriplasmin in selected early-stage cases

Regular OCT monitoring of closure and the fellow eye

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Göz Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Göz Hastalıkları Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.