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Lymphoma (Hodgkin / Non-Hodgkin)

Cancers arising from lymphatic system cells — symptoms and treatment.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Onkoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Lymphoma (Hodgkin / Non-Hodgkin)?

Lymphomas are malignant tumours arising from lymphocytes (B, T or NK cells). The two major groups are Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), defined by Reed–Sternberg cells and typically affecting young adults, and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), which is more common in older adults and covers a broad histological spectrum.

Lymphoma often begins with painless lymph-node enlargement in the neck, axilla or groin. Splenic, hepatic and bone-marrow involvement may occur. ‘B symptoms’ — fever, night sweats and weight loss — reflect disease activity.

Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most curable cancers with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Aggressive NHL subtypes also respond well to intensive regimens, whereas indolent NHL may progress slowly over many years.

Symptoms

Painless lymph-node enlargement in the neck, axilla or groin
Night sweats
Unexplained recurrent fever (>38 °C)
Unexplained weight loss (>10% in six months)
Pruritus (especially in Hodgkin lymphoma)
Fatigue and malaise
Shortness of breath or chest pain from enlarged mediastinal nodes

Risk Factors

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection
HIV/AIDS and other immunodeficiencies
Autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome)
Exposure to chemical carcinogens (pesticides, solvents)
Family history of lymphoma
Helicobacter pylori infection (gastric MALT lymphoma)
Prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • For a lymph-node swelling that does not regress in several weeks
  • When night sweats, fever and weight loss occur together (B symptoms)
  • For unexplained pruritus and fatigue
  • For new lymphadenopathy with dyspnoea or chest pressure
  • For any new lymph-node swelling in immunosuppressed individuals

Treatment Methods

01
Chemotherapy: ABVD for HL; R-CHOP for aggressive NHL
02
Radiotherapy: combined with chemotherapy in early-stage HL
03
Rituximab (anti-CD20): backbone of B-cell lymphoma therapy
04
Autologous stem cell transplant in relapsed or refractory disease
05
CAR-T cell therapy for rituximab-refractory large B-cell lymphoma
06
Immunotherapy: brentuximab vedotin (HL); pembrolizumab (relapsed HL)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Onkoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.