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Lymphocyte Subset Analysis and Immunophenotyping

Flow cytometry of lymphocyte populations in clinical practice

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Hematoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Lymphocyte Subset Analysis and Immunophenotyping?

Lymphocyte subset analysis uses flow cytometry to identify and count lymphocytes in peripheral blood or bone marrow according to surface CD markers. Routine populations include CD3 positive total T cells, CD4 positive helper T cells, CD8 positive cytotoxic T cells, CD19 positive B cells and CD16 plus CD56 positive natural killer cells.

Immunophenotyping is critical for diagnosis and classification of hematological malignancies such as leukemias and lymphomas. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia shows a CD5 positive CD19 positive CD23 positive phenotype, acute lymphoblastic leukemia is TdT positive and acute myeloid leukemia expresses CD13, CD33 and myeloperoxidase as diagnostic markers.

Lymphocyte subset evaluation is also used in primary and secondary immunodeficiency, in autoimmune disease, in post transplant immune reconstitution and in CD4 monitoring during HIV infection. Results integrate with morphology, cytogenetics and molecular studies for a complete diagnosis.

Symptoms

Laboratory test without specific symptoms
Recurrent infections raise immunodeficiency suspicion
Lymphocytosis or lymphopenia on counts
Atypical lymphocytes on peripheral smear
Persistent fevers in immunocompromised host

Risk Factors

No risk factor for the test itself
Pre analytical errors can affect results
Sample handling and timing matter
Recent steroids may alter counts

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When lymphocytosis or lymphopenia is unexplained
  • When recurrent unusual infections suggest immunodeficiency
  • In diagnosis and classification of malignancy
  • After stem cell transplant for immune reconstitution

Treatment Methods

01
Multiparametric flow cytometry analysis
02
B ALL T ALL AML and lymphoma panels
03
CD4 to CD8 ratio assessment
04
Natural killer cell number and function
05
Integration with immunoglobulin levels
06
Combined flow cytogenetics and molecular workup

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Hematoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Hematoloji Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.