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Liver Cirrhosis

The end stage of chronic liver damage, in which healthy tissue is replaced by scar tissue.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department. Book Appointment →

What is Liver Cirrhosis?

Cirrhosis is the replacement of healthy liver tissue by fibrous scar tissue after many years of chronic liver injury. As the process advances, the liver's regenerative capacity is overwhelmed and functioning tissue gradually decreases. The most common causes worldwide are chronic hepatitis B and C and alcoholic liver disease.

Cirrhosis is divided into two main stages: in 'compensated cirrhosis' the liver can still maintain its critical functions to some extent, while in 'decompensated cirrhosis' serious complications such as ascites, bleeding from oesophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy and jaundice develop.

When cirrhosis is diagnosed, treating the underlying cause can slow disease progression. In advanced cases, liver transplantation may be the only curative option.

Symptoms

Fatigue and general weakness
Fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites)
Jaundice and itching
Easy bruising and a tendency to bleed
Bleeding from oesophageal or gastric varices (vomiting blood)
Confusion and disorientation (hepatic encephalopathy)
Leg oedema and muscle wasting

Risk Factors

Chronic hepatitis B or C infection
Heavy alcohol use over many years
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Autoimmune hepatitis
Genetic metabolic disorders such as Wilson disease and haemochromatosis
Long-standing biliary tract disease
Chronic use of certain medications

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Rapidly increasing abdominal swelling (sign of ascites)
  • Vomiting blood or passing black, tarry stools
  • Confusion or disturbed sleep–wake pattern
  • Sudden worsening of jaundice
  • Fever and abdominal pain in a known cirrhotic patient (suspicion of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis)

Treatment Methods

01
Treatment of the underlying cause (antiviral therapy, alcohol cessation)
02
Management of ascites with diuretics and, when needed, paracentesis
03
Bleeding prophylaxis with beta-blockers and endoscopic band ligation
04
Lactulose and rifaximin for hepatic encephalopathy
05
Nutritional support and sodium restriction
06
Evaluation for liver transplantation in advanced decompensated disease

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.