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Leptospirosis

A water-related zoonotic infection caused by Leptospira bacteria; clinical presentation ranging from mild flu-like illness to Weil's syndrome.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Leptospirosis?

Leptospirosis is one of the most common zoonoses worldwide, caused by spiral-shaped bacteria of the Leptospira genus. It is found in the urine of many mammals, especially rodents, and is transmitted to humans through contact with contaminated water, soil and mud.

The disease can have a biphasic course: in the first septicemic phase, fever, headache, muscle pain (especially calf), conjunctival injection occur; in the second immune phase, meningitis, uveitis and renal involvement may emerge.

In the severe form known as Weil's syndrome, jaundice, acute kidney failure, bleeding manifestations and myocarditis develop. It is more common in tropical regions, in farmers, sewer workers and those engaged in water sports.

Symptoms

Sudden onset high fever and chills
Severe headache
Muscle pain (especially calf muscles)
Conjunctival injection (redness in eyes)
Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain
Jaundice and renal failure in Weil's syndrome
Bleeding manifestations and hemoptysis (in severe course)

Risk Factors

Agricultural and livestock workers
Sewage and wastewater workers
Environments with uncontrolled rodents
After flood disasters and natural disasters
Water sports (rafting, swimming, kayaking)
Tropical climate and rainy season
Military and adventure sports activities

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Combination of fever, calf pain and red eyes
  • Illness after flood or contaminated water exposure
  • Jaundice, change in urine color
  • Shortness of breath and bloody cough
  • Altered consciousness and meningitis symptoms

Treatment Methods

01
Doxycycline, amoxicillin or penicillin in early period
02
Intravenous ceftriaxone in severe cases
03
Supportive care and fluid-electrolyte balance
04
Dialysis in renal failure
05
Doxycycline prophylaxis in flood and risk areas
06
Personal protective equipment and rodent control

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

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You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.