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Legionnaires' Disease (Legionellosis)

Atypical pneumonia caused by aerosol transmission of Legionella pneumophila.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Legionnaires' Disease (Legionellosis)?

Legionellosis is a severe bacterial pneumonia caused mainly by Legionella pneumophila and other Legionella species. The bacterium proliferates in water sources such as air-conditioning systems, cooling towers, showerheads, and hot tubs, and is transmitted through inhalation of aerosols.

The disease appears in two clinical forms: severe Legionnaires' pneumonia and the milder, self-limiting Pontiac fever. Legionnaires' pneumonia presents with high fever, cough, myalgia, altered consciousness, and hyponatremia.

Diagnosis is made by urinary antigen test, PCR, and culture. Treatment is with macrolides or fluoroquinolones started early. Hygiene of water systems and outbreak investigation are critical.

Symptoms

High fever and chills
Severe dry cough
Chest pain and dyspnea
Marked myalgia and weakness
Headache and confusion
Diarrhea and abdominal pain
Hyponatremia, hepatitis, and renal dysfunction

Risk Factors

Age over 50
Smoking
Chronic lung disease
Immunosuppression (corticosteroids, chemotherapy)
Stays in hotels, hospitals, and ships with shared water systems
Heavy alcohol use

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When severe pneumonia develops
  • When confusion and diarrhea accompany pneumonia
  • When respiratory symptoms develop after travel/hotel stay
  • If there is no response to standard antibiotics
  • If pneumonia develops in an immunocompromised patient

Treatment Methods

01
Antibiotic therapy with levofloxacin or azithromycin
02
Early intensive care admission if needed
03
Oxygen and ventilator support
04
Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance
05
Cleaning and chlorination of water systems
06
Environmental source investigation in outbreaks

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

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You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.