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Advanced Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia

Investigating the underlying cause of iron deficiency anemia.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department. Book Appointment →

What is Advanced Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Iron deficiency anemia develops when the depletion of body iron stores impairs hemoglobin synthesis. Affecting more than 1 billion people globally, it is the most common form of anemia. A ferritin level <30 ng/mL and transferrin saturation <20% constitute the diagnostic values.

Although menstrual bleeding is the main cause in premenopausal women, gastrointestinal loss (peptic ulcer, colon cancer, angiodysplasia) must be investigated in postmenopausal women and men. Celiac disease and Helicobacter pylori infection are also important causes.

Advanced evaluation includes upper and lower GI endoscopy, celiac serology, H. pylori testing, and capsule endoscopy when needed. Lack of response to iron replacement suggests ongoing bleeding or malabsorption.

Symptoms

Fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath
Pica (craving for non-food substances such as ice and dirt)
Spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia)
Cracks at the corners of the mouth (angular stomatitis)
Difficulty swallowing (Plummer-Vinson syndrome)
Restless legs syndrome

Risk Factors

Heavy menstrual bleeding
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Celiac disease and malabsorption
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Vegetarian/vegan diet
Use of proton pump inhibitors

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When anemia is diagnosed, the cause must be investigated
  • If hemoglobin is not rising despite iron therapy
  • If occult blood test is positive
  • In men over 50 or postmenopausal women with iron deficiency anemia

Treatment Methods

01
Oral iron replacement (ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate)
02
IV iron (oral intolerance, malabsorption, severe anemia)
03
Treatment of the underlying cause (GI bleeding, celiac, H. pylori)
04
Endoscopic evaluation (upper GI + colonoscopy)
05
Treatment response monitoring (reticulocytosis at 2 weeks, Hb improvement at 6-8 weeks)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.