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Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV)

Epstein-Barr virus, atypical lymphocytes, splenomegaly, glandular fever

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV)?

Epstein-Barr virus is a gamma-herpesvirus that infects oropharyngeal epithelium and B lymphocytes. Transmission occurs through saliva (kissing disease) with 4 to 6 week incubation. Primary infection in childhood is often asymptomatic; adolescent and young adult infection produces classic mononucleosis syndrome.

Clinical features include sore throat with exudative tonsillitis, fever lasting 7 to 14 days, fatigue often persistent for weeks, generalized lymphadenopathy especially posterior cervical, and splenomegaly in 50 percent. Hepatomegaly, palatal petechiae, and morbilliform rash occur. Ampicillin or amoxicillin causes characteristic maculopapular rash if mistakenly given.

Diagnosis combines lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes (over 10 percent), positive heterophile antibody (Monospot, sensitivity 87 percent in adults), and EBV-specific serology with IgM viral capsid antigen positive in primary infection. Treatment is supportive with rest, hydration, and analgesics. Avoid contact sports for 4 to 6 weeks to prevent splenic rupture. Corticosteroids reserved for airway obstruction.

Symptoms

Severe fatigue lasting weeks
Sore throat with exudative tonsillitis
Generalized lymphadenopathy
Fever lasting 7-14 days
Splenomegaly with risk of rupture

Risk Factors

Adolescent or young adult age
Close contact with EBV cases
College dormitory living
Immunosuppression reactivation risk
Healthcare and education settings

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • For severe sore throat with high fever and lymphadenopathy
  • For prolonged fatigue exceeding 2 weeks
  • For abdominal pain (splenic rupture concern)
  • For airway compromise from tonsillar swelling
  • For unexplained jaundice during illness

Treatment Methods

01
Supportive care with rest and hydration
02
Acetaminophen or NSAIDs for fever and pain
03
Avoid amoxicillin and ampicillin
04
Avoid contact sports for 4-6 weeks (splenic rupture risk)
05
Short course corticosteroids for airway obstruction
06
No specific antiviral therapy for uncomplicated cases

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.