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IgA Nephropathy

The most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, characterized by mesangial IgA deposition.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

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What is IgA Nephropathy?

IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) is a chronic primary glomerulonephritis characterized by IgA1 immune complex deposition in the glomerular mesangium. It is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, more common in Asian countries, and is seen 2–3 times more often in men.

The pathogenesis involves production of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1), formation of IgG autoantibodies against this abnormal IgA1, mesangial cell proliferation due to immune complex deposition, and inflammation. The disease often flares after upper respiratory tract infections.

The clinical spectrum extends from asymptomatic microscopic hematuria to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. The diagnosis is made by demonstrating mesangial IgA deposition on kidney biopsy. About 30–40% of patients progress to end-stage renal disease within 20–30 years.

Symptoms

Macroscopic hematuria (brown urine)
Microscopic hematuria
Proteinuria (usually 1–3 g/day)
Flares after upper respiratory tract infections
Flank pain
Hypertension
Nephrotic syndrome (rare)
Findings of renal failure

Risk Factors

Male sex
Asian ancestry
Family history of IgA nephropathy
HLA-DR4 positivity
Age 20–40
Recurrent upper respiratory infections
Liver diseases
Coexisting celiac disease

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Brown or bloody urine
  • Hematuria after an upper respiratory infection
  • Foamy urine
  • Unexplained hypertension
  • Flank pain and urinary changes
  • Findings of renal dysfunction

Treatment Methods

01
Renin–angiotensin system blockers (ACEi, ARB)
02
Blood pressure control (target <130/80)
03
Reduction of proteinuria
04
Corticosteroids in refractory proteinuria
05
Immunosuppressants (mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide) in severe cases
06
Targeted-release budesonide
07
Omega-3 fatty acids
08
Dietary sodium restriction and management of end-stage renal disease

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.