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Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid)

Acceleration of metabolism caused by excessive thyroid hormone production.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Endokrinoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid)?

Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces excessive T3 and T4, leading to a marked increase in metabolic rate. The most common causes are Graves' disease (autoimmune), toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic adenoma; thyroiditis can cause transient hyperthyroidism.

Excess thyroid hormone directly affects the heart, nerves, muscles, and bones. Without treatment, serious complications such as atrial fibrillation, osteoporosis, and thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm) may develop.

Diagnosis is based on low TSH and elevated free T4/T3. Depending on the underlying cause and the patient's clinical status, antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine ablation, or surgery are considered.

Symptoms

Palpitations and rapid heart rate (tachycardia)
Unintentional weight loss despite increased appetite
Nervousness, anxiety, and insomnia
Excessive sweating and heat intolerance
Hand tremor
Frequent bowel movements or diarrhea
Weakness and fatigue

Risk Factors

Family history of Graves' disease or autoimmune thyroid disease
Female sex (7-10× more common)
Age 20-40 years
Smoking (risk factor for Graves' ophthalmopathy)
Use of iodine-rich medications (amiodarone)
Stress or post-infection trigger
Presence of other autoimmune diseases

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Palpitations combined with rapid weight loss and excessive sweating
  • Irregular or very fast heartbeat
  • Eye swelling, redness, or bulging (Graves' ophthalmopathy)
  • Fever, severe tachycardia, and altered consciousness (thyroid storm — emergency!)
  • Thyroid nodule or neck swelling

Treatment Methods

01
Antithyroid drugs (methimazole, propylthiouracil): suppress hormone synthesis
02
Beta blockers (propranolol): symptom control (palpitations, tremor)
03
Radioactive iodine (I-131) ablation: for long-term remission
04
Thyroidectomy: for large goiter, suspected malignancy, or drug intolerance
05
Selenium supplementation and ophthalmology follow-up in Graves' ophthalmopathy
06
Long-term TSH monitoring for post-treatment conversion to hypothyroidism

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Endokrinoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.