Head and Neck Tumours

Cancers of the larynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, thyroid and salivary glands.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board

Last updated: June 11, 2026

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our KBB (Kulak Burun Boğaz) department. Book Appointment →

What is Head and Neck Tumours?

Most head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas arising from mucosal surfaces. Smoking and alcohol are the leading risk factors, while HPV plays a growing role, particularly in oropharyngeal cancer.

Laryngeal cancers typically present with hoarseness, oropharyngeal tumours with dysphagia and otalgia, and hypopharyngeal cancers with a neck mass. Distant metastases occur in advanced disease.

A multidisciplinary approach (ENT, medical oncology, radiation oncology, pathology) underpins treatment planning.

Symptoms

Hoarseness lasting more than two weeks

Dysphagia and pain referred to the ear

Painless growing neck mass

Non-healing oral or pharyngeal ulcer

Bloody sputum or saliva

Weight loss and reduced appetite

Risk Factors

Smoking and tobacco product use

Heavy alcohol intake

HPV-16/18 infection (especially oropharynx)

Epstein-Barr virus (nasopharyngeal cancer)

Occupational exposure to asbestos and dye chemicals

Family history of head and neck cancer

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

Hoarseness lasting longer than three weeks
Progressive dysphagia
Growing or hardening neck mass
Unintentional weight loss
Non-healing oral or pharyngeal lesion

Treatment Methods

Surgical resection in early disease (laryngectomy, pharyngectomy)

Radiotherapy (primary or adjuvant)

Chemotherapy in advanced disease or chemoradiation protocols

Targeted therapy in HPV-positive tumours

Palliative care and rehabilitation (voice prosthesis, swallowing therapy)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our KBB (Kulak Burun Boğaz) department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About KBB (Kulak Burun Boğaz) Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.