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H5N1 Avian Influenza

Highly pathogenic zoonotic influenza A with pandemic potential and high case-fatality

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Published:

This content is for general information; please consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is H5N1 Avian Influenza?

H5N1 is a highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (clade 2.3.4.4b dominating recent outbreaks) capable of zoonotic transmission via close contact with infected poultry, wild birds, dairy cattle and contaminated environments.

Spectrum ranges from conjunctivitis and mild upper respiratory infection to viral pneumonia, ARDS, encephalopathy and multi-organ failure; lymphopenia, elevated LDH and bilateral infiltrates are typical.

Diagnosis requires RT-PCR with H5-specific primers; rapid antigen tests are unreliable. Sustained human-to-human transmission has not been documented, but mammalian adaptation mutations are monitored closely.

Symptoms

Fever, cough and severe dyspnea
Conjunctivitis and headache
Diarrhea and abdominal pain
Rapid progression to pneumonia/ARDS
Encephalopathy in severe cases

Risk Factors

Direct contact with sick or dead poultry
Backyard farming or live-bird markets
Occupational exposure (poultry workers, dairy)
Travel to outbreak regions
Close contact with confirmed cases

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Influenza-like illness with poultry/cattle exposure
  • Conjunctivitis after recent animal contact
  • Severe respiratory symptoms or hypoxemia
  • Reported outbreak in your region
  • Travel from H5N1 hotspot in last 10 days

Treatment Methods

01
Empiric oseltamivir 75 mg twice daily as early as possible
02
Strict respiratory and contact isolation
03
Notification of public health authorities
04
Supportive care including ICU and ventilation as needed
05
Contact tracing and post-exposure prophylaxis
06
Personal protective equipment for occupational exposure

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.