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Gilbert Syndrome

Benign hereditary disease with mild disorder in bilirubin metabolism.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department. Book Appointment →

What is Gilbert Syndrome?

Gilbert syndrome is a benign condition characterized by mild indirect (unconjugated) hyperbilirubinemia due to UDP-glucuronyl transferase enzyme activity falling to 30% caused by UGT1A1 gene polymorphism. It is seen in approximately 3-10% of the population and is more common in men.

Bilirubin levels are usually between 1-3 mg/dL but may temporarily increase with factors such as fasting, dehydration, infection, stress, exercise, and alcohol. The disease is completely benign with no risk of progression to liver failure or cirrhosis.

Diagnosis is usually made after incidentally detected elevated bilirubin. Other causes of hemolysis and liver diseases must be excluded. Genetic test detects TA repeat (*28 allele) in UGT1A1 promoter region. No treatment is required, only family reassurance is sufficient.

Symptoms

Mild fluctuating jaundice (especially in eyes)
Bilirubin increasing with stress, fasting, or illness
Most cases asymptomatic
Mild fatigue feeling
Abdominal discomfort (rare)
Difficulty concentrating (rare)
Increased sensitivity to drugs like irinotecan
Physical examination usually normal

Risk Factors

UGT1A1 gene polymorphism
Family history of Gilbert syndrome
Male sex
Onset of adolescence
Fasting and low-calorie diet
Intense exercise
Dehydration
Stress and infections

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When unexplained jaundice is first noticed
  • When other liver disease findings are present
  • Before initiating drugs (especially irinotecan)
  • When elevated bilirubin in routine test
  • Genetic counseling during family planning
  • Suspicion of hemolysis or liver disease

Treatment Methods

01
No specific treatment needed, it is benign
02
Avoidance of triggering factors (long fasting, dehydration)
03
Balanced and regular nutrition recommendations
04
Adequate fluid intake
05
Caution with drug use (especially irinotecan, atazanavir)
06
Explaining the benign nature of the disease to the family
07
Genetic test and family screening if needed
08
Annual routine controls are sufficient

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.